Boyle's Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume. Mathematically:
Where P₁ and V₁ are the initial pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ are the final pressure and volume.
Charles' Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. Mathematically:
Where V₁ and T₁ are the initial volume and temperature, and V₂ and T₂ are the final volume and temperature.
Gay-Lussac's Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant volume, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. Mathematically:
Where P₁ and T₁ are the initial pressure and temperature, and P₂ and T₂ are the final pressure and temperature.
The Ideal Gas Law describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount of an ideal gas. Mathematically:
Where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)), and T is the absolute temperature.
The Combined Gas Law combines Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law into a single expression that relates pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. Mathematically:
Where P₁, V₁, and T₁ are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, and P₂, V₂, and T₂ are the final pressure, volume, and temperature.
This graph shows how pressure changes with volume for a gas at constant temperature (Boyle's Law). The curve represents P ∝ 1/V.
This graph shows how volume changes with temperature for a gas at constant pressure (Charles' Law). The relationship is linear: V ∝ T.
This graph shows how pressure changes with temperature for a gas at constant volume (Gay-Lussac's Law). The relationship is linear: P ∝ T.
This 3D visualization shows the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed amount of gas according to the Ideal Gas Law (PV = nRT).
This visualization shows how all gas laws relate to each other and how they are derived from the Ideal Gas Law. The Combined Gas Law combines Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's Laws.